How To Avoid A Deficiency Judgment After A Short-Sale?

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Feb 3^rd, 2010

 

As horrible it is to lose your home to foreclosure, ex-homeowners may still be on the bait for the deficiency amount. This is simply the difference of what is owed on the mortgage and what the bank could sell at an auction. “Deficiency judgments” can haunt borrowers, years after they have lost their home.

 

It can happen to homeowners who have achieved short-sales where the bank had approved selling the homes for less than what it was worth.

 

Vanessa Corey who made a short-sale on her Fredericksburg, VA home in April of 2008 is a real life example. After building her house in 2004, unforeseen setbacks which led to a bitter divorce coupled with the economic housing crisis forced her to sell the house through a short-sale arrangement.

 

As a real estate agent, she thought that the deficiency amount was negotiated away. In other words, she thought that the difference was forgiven by the bank. Last November, she received a letter from her lawyer indicating that she owed her lender $65,000. She was forced into bankruptcy as she had no means of settling the payment.

 

Many lenders refuse to comment regarding the issue of ‘deficiency judgments’. In the case of Corey’s lender, BT&T clearly indicated that they were pursuing more homeowners with deficiencies.

 

Are You Protected From A Deficiency Judgment?

 

Whether banks can pursue such a feat depends on several factors including what state the borrower lives in. Other factors include whether there is a second mortgage or other liens involved. It can certainly haunt borrowers if they chose to ignore the possibilities of deficiencies.

 

According to Richard Zaretsky, a certified real estate attorney in West Palm Beach, Fla, once your lender has a judgment on you, they can come after you irrespective of where you live. They can request for your financial records, have your wages garnished and place you in jail if you fail to respond.

 

In reference to home foreclosures, lenders can pursue deficiency judgments in more than 30 states. According to the U.S. Foreclosure Network, an organization of mortgage firms, this includes states such as Florida, New York and Texas.

 

In some states such as California and Arizona, they are both considered ‘non-recourse’ or prohibit ‘deficiency judgments’. The other remaining 10 states that prohibit deficiency judgments are Alaska, Iowa, Montana, North Dakota, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Washington and Wisconsin.

 

Although lenders are willing to forgive the deficiency amount, many borrowers are not aware that they are required to request for a release. To avoid any unforeseen surprises, ensure that your attorney requests the bank to release you of any future obligations.

 

According to Zaretsky, people should not have a false sense of security thinking that a deficiency judgment will not come back and haunt them. He expects many of the deficiency judgments will be filed over the next few years as many of these accounts were sold at discounts to numerous collection agencies and third parties. These organizations would not have bought these accounts if they were not planning on recouping their initial investments.

 

Deficiency Judgments

 

Judgments don’t have to be obtained immediately by lenders or collection agencies. They may choose to wait until the debtors have financially recovered before they file with a court. In the state of Florida, the lender has up to 5 years to file. Upon receiving judgment, the lender has up to 20 years to collect the debt with interest.

 

Lenders and collection agencies can come after borrowers regardless of how small the debt. Case in point, Richard Varno and his wife short-sold their Nashville house in 2004 when he became unemployed. Four years later in 2008, the second lien holder was after him for $25,000. He argued by informing them that they had released the title and he was no longer liable.

 

Unfortunately, that was not the case. The release of the title does not mean that the debt will be extinguished. Due to the diverse variations in state laws, in general, a mortgage responsibility consists of 2 parts. The first part is the collateral in which the pledge is the asset or house. The second part is the promise and agreement to pay back the loan.

 

Lenders may release property liens so as to enable a short-sale transaction but not necessarily releasing borrowers’ obligations to pay back the loan based on the promissory notes. Upon the sale of the home, the secured debt can transform into an unsecured debt.

 

Zaretsky claimed that one of his clients’ who was so excited in obtaining a short-sale, carelessly signed all the documents that his real estate agent provided him including a confession that clearly made him still legally liable for the debt.

 

According to Zaretsky, he had no idea what was going on. The lender could go to court and convert the confession into a deficiency judgment.

 

Lenders can also be unreliable. Zaretsky had another client who was willing and financially able to pay off the deficiency but the bank did not bother asking as they reserve the right to pursue the deficiency judgment at a later point.

 

Walking Away

 

Larry Tolchinsky, a florida real estate attorney said, lenders can occasionally come after borrowers who strategically default (or walk away) if they have other remaining assets.

 

Lenders will investigate if this was a true strategic default by pulling out your credit report. If they discover that you were not behind in all your payments and not in financial distress, they may pursue you.

 

If in doubt, it is advisable to seek legal advice to ensure that your short-sale or deed in lieu agreement does not contain any deficiencies therefore allowing your lender to pursue you in the future. To alleviate any risks, it is important for your attorney or counselor to negotiate the deficiency out of the short-sale or deed in lieu contract. 

 

 

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